How’s the Weather on Mars?

In contrast to Earth, the Red Planet’s middle atmosphere appears driven by gravity waves.

A new study by researchers including those at the University of Tokyo revealed that atmospheric gravity waves play a crucial role in driving latitudinal air currents on Mars, particularly at high altitudes. The findings, based on long-term atmospheric data, offer a fresh perspective on the behaviors of Mars’ middle atmosphere, highlighting fundamental differences from Earth’s. The study applied methods developed to explore Earth’s atmosphere to quantitatively estimate the influence of gravity waves on Mars’ planetary circulation.

Despite it being a very cold planet, Mars is quite a hot topic these days. With human visitation seemingly on the horizon, it will pay to know more about the conditions there so all involved can plan and prepare accordingly. Something that has become possible to explore in detail in recent years is a range of Martian atmospheric phenomena. Naturally, a lot of the methods used for this originate from the study of our own atmosphere, and thanks to this, we can see how things on Mars differ greatly and what the implications of this might be.

"On Earth, large-scale atmospheric waves caused by the planet’s rotation, known as Rossby waves, are the primary influence on the way air circulates in the stratosphere, or the lower part of the middle atmosphere. But our study shows that on Mars, gravity waves (GWs) have a dominant effect at the mid and high latitudes of the middle atmosphere," said Professor Kaoru Sato from the Department of Earth and Planetary Science. “Rossby waves are large-scale atmospheric waves, or resolved waves, whereas GWs are unresolved waves, meaning they are too fine to be directly measured or modeled and must be estimated by more indirect means.”

Read more at University of Tokyo

Image: The thermal impact of dust storms on Mars is significant, and is thought to play a similar role to that of water vapor in Earth’s atmosphere. (Credit: NASA CC0)