Giant Middle East dust storm caused by a changing climate, not human conflict

In August 2015, a dust storm blanketed large areas of seven Middle East nations in a haze of dust and sand thick enough to obscure them from satellite view. The storm led to several deaths, thousands of cases of respiratory ailments and injuries, and canceled airline flights and closed ports. 

At the time, the storm's unusual severity was attributed to the ongoing civil war in Syria by media outlets in the Middle East, Europe and the United States. Reports blamed the conflict for changes in land use and cover — and for activities like increased military traffic over unpaved surfaces and farmers reducing irrigation or abandoning agricultural land — that created extreme amounts of dust to fuel the storm.

Now, a team of researchers including Elie Bou-Zeid, an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at Princeton who experienced the storm while in Lebanon, has found a more likely cause for the unprecedented storm — it was not human conflict, but a combination of climatic factors and unusual weather. 

While reduced vegetation cover and soil disturbance can make more sediment available for emission in dust storms, the researchers say, the widely reported link between the storm and the fighting in Syria was untested and lacked empirical support. "The reports suggesting that this was related to the conflict in Syria were not supported by any research," Bou-Zeid said. "It was just hypotheticals thrown into the air." 

Continue reading at Princeton University

Photo: Dust had enveloped all of Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus, and the Palestinian Territories

Image courtesy of NASA