Hydrogen can be produced with renewable energies in a climate neutral way and could make a major contribution to the energy system of the future.
Hydrogen can be produced with renewable energies in a climate neutral way and could make a major contribution to the energy system of the future. One of the options is to use sunlight for electrolytic water splitting, either indirectly by coupling a solar cell with an electrolyser or directly in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell. Light-absorbing semiconductors serve as photoelectrodes. They are immersed in an electrolyte solution of water mixed with strong acids or bases, which contains high concentration of protons or hydroxide ions necessary for efficient electrolysis.
Safety versus efficiency
However, in a large-scale plant, it would make sense for safety reasons to use an electrolyte solution with a near-neutral pH. Such a solution has a low concentration of protons and hydroxide ions, which leads to mass-transport limitations and poor performance. Understanding these limitations is essential to design a safe and scalable PEC water splitting device.
Convection observed
A team led by Dr. Fatwa Abdi from the HZB Institute for Solar Fuels has now for the first time investigated how the liquid electrolyte throughout the cell behaves during electrolysis: With the help of fluorescent pH-sensor foils, Dr. Keisuke Obata, a postdoc in Abdi’s team, determined the local pH value in PEC cells between the anode and cathode during the course of electrolysis. The PEC cells were filled with near-neutral pH electrolytes. The scientists experimentally visualized the decrease of pH at regions close to the anode and the increase of pH at regions close to the cathode. Interestingly, they observed a clock-wise motion of the electrolyte as the electrolysis proceeds. The observation can be explained by buoyancy due to changes of electrolyte density during the electrochemical reaction which leads to convection. "It was surprising to see that tiny changes in electrolyte density (~0.1%) cause this buoyancy effect," says Abdi.
Read more at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Für Materialien UND Energie
